Decarbonizing energy: Evaluating fossil fuel displacement by renewables in OECD countries.

Energy transition to greener systems has been a focal point in climate policy agendas across countries as the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel technologies have become more evident Displacing fossil fuels with clean energy alternatives in this regard is essential for meeting global climate objectives. In this context, the study analyzes the role of disaggregated renewable energy sources on fossil fuel displacement in 36 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in the period 2000-2020. The findings demonstrate a discernible trend in the displacement of fossil fuels by various forms of renewable energy sources. It is found that to effectively displace 1% of fossil fuels, it is necessary to achieve an average increase of 1.15% in renewable generation capacity. In addition, a one-to-one displacement of fossil fuels occurs with hydropower, demonstrating its higher level of competitiveness and effectiveness in displacing fossil fuels. Moreover, there is a partial displacement of fossil fuels by solar and wind power. These findings suggest that renewable energy sources are progressively advancing towards effectively displacing fossil fuels.

Investigation of innovative designs of high-velocity channels for damping kinetic energy of flows.

In our contemporary world, demanding sustainable resource management, the study focuses on innovative fast flow channel designs. It investigates their efficacy in reducing flow kinetic energy, aiming to optimize water and energy management and diminish flood risks. Employing diverse methodologies, it analyzes and develops these designs, proving their substantial impact on stream energy management. These innovations not only enhance energy efficiency but also mitigate risks associated with excess kinetic energy, promoting safer stream management. This research significantly contributes to fluid dynamics and engineering, deepening the understanding of kinetic energy control in flows and offering potential solutions for water supply, environmental sustainability, and infrastructure safety challenges.

Pharmacological and Benefit-Risk Profile of Once-Weekly Basal Insulin Administration (Icodec): Addressing Patients' Unmet Needs and Exploring Future Applications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting over 500 million people worldwide, which leads to severe complications and to millions of deaths yearly. When therapeutic goals are not reached with diet, physical activity, or non-insulin drugs, starting/adding insulin treatment is recommended by international guidelines. A novel recombinant insulin is icodec, a once-weekly insulin that successfully completed phase III trials and that has recently obtained the marketing authorization approval from the European Medicines Agency. This narrative review aims to assess icodec pharmacological and clinical features concerning evidence on benefit-risk profile, as compared to other basal insulins, addressing the potential impact on patients' unmet needs. Icodec is a full agonist, recombinant human insulin analogue characterized by an ultra-long half-life (196 h), enabling its use in once-weekly administration. Phase III randomized clinical trials involving more than 4000 diabetic patients, mostly type 2 DM, documented non-inferiority of icodec, as compared to currently available basal insulins, in terms of estimated mean reduction of glycated hemoglobin levels; a superiority of icodec, compared to control, was confirmed in insulin-naïve patients (ONWARDS 1, 3, and 5), and in patients previously treated with basal insulin (ONWARDS 2). Icodec safety profile was comparable to the currently available basal insulins. Once-weekly icodec has the potential to improve patients' adherence, thus positively influencing patients' treatment satisfaction as well as quality of life, especially in type 2 DM insulin-naïve patients. An improved adherence might positively influence glycemic target achievement, reduce overall healthcare costs and overcome some of the unmet patients' needs. Icodec has the potential to emerge as a landmark achievement in the evolution of insulin therapy, with a positive impact also for the National Health Services and the whole society.

Including environmental and social sustainability in the planning process of healthcare services: A case study of cancer screening programs in an inner area in Italy.

Healthcare systems plan their activities to achieve efficiency and effectiveness, without addressing environmental and social sustainability. This paper describes a new approach adopted in Italy to plan and deliver health prevention services in an inner area of the Tuscany region (in Italy) to guarantee proximity of care and environmental and social sustainability. The project examines the design and delivery of cancer screening programmes using a mobile screening unit to maximise social benefits while minimising environmental waste. A cost analysis was developed to estimate the difference in CO2 equivalent emissions, travel costs, and productivity losses, comparing the current screening programmes against the introduction of a comprehensive full-service mobile screening unit. The results indicate that the new service model reduces direct non-medical costs incurred by the population and improves environmental sustainability. This alternative can reduce, annually, over 95,000 euros in terms of travel costs and productivity losses, as well as 35 tons of CO2-equivalent travel emissions for a population of 59,000 inhabitants in a mountainous area with around 6000 people involved in the screening programme. The study supports the need to adopt a new planning methodology that considers environmental, social, and financial sustainability jointly in the provision of public health services in rural areas.

Trade openness, human capital, natural resource, and carbon emission nexus: a CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian economies.

There is a call for global efforts to preserve the ecological systems that can sustain economies and people's lives. However, carbon emission (CEM) threatens the sustainability of humanity and ecological systems. This analysis looked into the influence of energy use (ERU), human capital (HCI), trade openness (TOP), natural resource (NRR), population, and economic growth (ENG) on CEM. The paper gathered panel data from the Central Asia region from 1990 to 2020. The CS-ARDL was applied to establish the long-term interaction among the indicators. The paper's findings indicated the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the Central Asia regions. Also, the empirical evidence highlighted that energy use, natural resources, and trade openness cause higher levels of CEM. However, the research verified that CEM can be improved through human capital and urban population growth. The study also found that HCI moderates the interaction between NRR and CEM. The causality assessment indicated a one-way interplay between ENG, ERU, NRR, and CEM. The study proposes that to support ecological stability in these regions, policy-makers should concentrate on developing human capital, investing in renewable energy sources, and utilizing contemporary technologies to harness natural resources in the economies of Central Asia.

A comprehensive review of the environmental benefits of urban green spaces.

This detailed analysis highlights the numerous environmental benefits provided by urban green spaces, emphasizing their critical role in improving urban life quality and advancing sustainable development. The review delves into critical themes such as the impact of urban green spaces on human health, the complex interplay between urban ecology and sustainability, and the evaluation of ecosystem services using a comprehensive review of existing literature. The investigation thoroughly examines various aspects of green infrastructure, shedding light on its contributions to social cohesion, human well-being, and environmental sustainability in general. The analysis summarizes the study's findings and demonstrates the critical role of urban green spaces in urban ecology, which significantly mitigates environmental challenges. The intricate links between these green spaces and human health are thoroughly investigated, with benefits ranging from enhanced mental and physical well-being to comprehensive mental health. Furthermore, the analysis emphasizes how green spaces benefit urban development by increasing property values, boosting tourism, and creating job opportunities. The discussion also considers possible futures, emphasizing the integration of technology, the advancement of natural solutions, and the critical importance of prioritizing health and well-being in the design of urban green spaces. To ensure that urban green spaces are developed and maintained as essential components of resilient and sustainable urban environments, the assessment concludes with practical recommendations for communities, urban planners, and legislators.

Mapping the evidence of novel plant-based foods: a systematic review of nutritional, health, and environmental impacts in high-income countries.

CONTEXT: Shifting from current dietary patterns to diets rich in plant-based (PB) foods and lower in animal-based foods (ABFs) is generally regarded as a suitable strategy to improve nutritional health and reduce environmental impacts. Despite the recent growth in supply of and demand for novel plant-based foods (NPBFs), a comprehensive overview is lacking. OBJECTIVES: This review provides a synthesis of available evidence, highlights challenges, and informs public health and environmental strategies for purposeful political decision-making by systematically searching, analyzing, and summarizing the available literature. DATA SOURCES: Five peer-reviewed databases and grey literature sources were rigorously searched for publications. DATA EXTRACTION: Study characteristics meeting the inclusion criteria regarding NPBF nutrient composition and health and environmental outcomes in high-income countries were extracted. DATA ANALYSIS: Fifty-seven peer-reviewed and 36 grey literature sources were identified; these were published in 2016-2022. NPBFs typically have substantially lower environmental impacts than ABFs, but the nutritional contents are complex and vary considerably across brands, product type, and main primary ingredient. In the limited evidence on the health impacts, shifts from ABFs to PB meats were associated with positive health outcomes. However, results were mixed for PB drinks, with links to micronutrient deficiencies. CONCLUSION: If carefully selected, certain NPBFs have the potential to be healthier and nutrient-rich alternatives to ABFs and typically have smaller environmental footprints. More disaggregated categorization of various types of NPBFs would be a helpful step in guiding consumers and key stakeholders to make informed decisions. To enable informed policymaking on the inclusion of NPBFs in dietary transitions as part of a wider net-zero and health strategy, future priorities should include nutritional food standards, labelling, and subdivisions or categorizations of NPBFs, as well as short- and long-term health studies evaluating dietary shifts from ABFs to NPBFs and standardized environmental impact assessments, ideally from independent funders.

Influence of environmental technologies and income on the environment in OECD member countries transitioning to low carbon societies.

This paper focuses on examining the effects of per capita environmental technology development on the load capacity factor (LCF) within the context of OECD member countries during the period spanning 1990 to 2021. To investigate these relationships, we employ the AMG estimator and FM-LS estimator. Additionally, we explore the validity of the load capacity curve for these countries and estimate the inflection points in the income per capita-environmental sustainability relationship. Our findings lead us to the conclusion that there is no significant impact of environmental technologies on environmental sustainability. Furthermore, we observe a negative influence on the development of environmental technologies, which can be attributed to the negative externalities associated with their implementation and the lack of societal adoption. Moreover, our estimations reveal an inflection point at $45,251.90 in terms of GDP per capita, beyond which the sustainability condition of the studied countries improves.

Environmental impacts of valorisation of crude glycerol from biodiesel production - A life cycle perspective.

Biodiesel production produces significant quantities of impure crude glycerol as a by-product. Recent increases in the global biodiesel production have led to a surplus of crude glycerol, rendering it a waste. As a result, different methods for its valorisation are currently being investigated. This paper assesses the life cycle environmental impacts of an emerging technology for purification of crude glycerol - a multi-step physico-chemical treatment - in comparison to incineration with energy recovery commonly used for its disposal. For the former, three different acids (H3PO4, H2SO4 and HCl) are considered for the acidification step in the purification process. The results suggest that the H2SO4-based treatment is the best option with 17 net-negative impacts out of the 18 categories considered; this is due to system credits for the production of purified glycerol, heat and potassium salts. In comparison to incineration with energy recovery, the H2SO4-based process has lower savings for the climate change impact (-311 versus -504 kg CO2 eq./t crude glycerol) but it performs better in ten other categories. Sensitivity analyses suggest that that the impacts of the physico-chemical treatment are highly dependent on crude glycerol composition, allocation of burdens to crude glycerol and credits for glycerol production. For example, treating crude glycerol with lower glycerol content would increase all impacts except climate change and fossil depletion due to the higher consumption of chemicals and lower production of purified glycerol. Considering crude glycerol as a useful product rather than waste and allocating to it burdens from biodiesel production would increase most impacts significantly, including climate change (22-40 %), while fossil depletion, freshwater and marine eutrophication would become net-positive. The findings of this research will be of interest to the biodiesel industry and other industrial sectors that generate crude glycerol as a by-product.

Energy and social factor decomposition to identify drivers impeding sustainable environmental transition in emerging countries: SDGs-2030 progress assessment using LMDI analysis.

The balance between human growth, economic prosperity, and the consumption of hydrocarbon energy factors has become a prerequisite for environmental sustainability. However, the complexities of these factors force researchers to work for more viable combinations of such a balance. Therefore, this study attempted to determine the factors driving environmental sustainability in leading populated economies. For this purpose, the Logarithmic Mean Division Index (LMDI) utilized to decompose critical factors such as activity, economy, real density, energy intensity, and suburban effects for the period 1999-2022. Both population and its consequences (economic activity) have been found to be the leading factors behind environmental fluctuations, and energy has a negative impact on hydrocarbon forms, while contributing positively to environmental sustainability with high efficiency and low intensity. Therefore, sustainable demographic and energy transitions can be leading pathways for environmental sustainability in developing economies.

A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of road asphalt pavement solutions made up of artificial aggregates.

The construction and maintenance of road pavements entail detrimental impacts on the consumption of resources and damage to the natural environment but also make up an opportunity for the large-scale application of circular economy principles and innovative waste valorisation paths. The present study focuses on developing a comprehensive procedure to evaluate the technical and environmental sustainability of replacing high percentage of limestone aggregates with artificial aggregates from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) into hot or cold recycled asphalt mixtures for asphalt pavements. The technical feasibility of the designed mixtures was investigated in terms of the main physical and mechanical properties of both the raw materials and the asphalt mixtures with content of artificial aggregates or sand in the range 25-40 % by mass. The environmental feasibility of the asphalt mixtures was evaluated through the SEM-EDS technique, the analysis of the eluate of the leaching test and the ecotoxicity for living organisms. Afterwards, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to detect the critical spots of the life cycle of 1 m2 of a 6 cm-thick binder layer with high percentage of artificial aggregates or sand built and maintained through 30 years analysis period according to 18 impact category indicators. The main results show that, recycling the artificial aggregates into hot asphalt mixtures has on average a negligible effect on the overall environmental performance of the life cycle, and appears to be detrimental only for the consumption of fossil resources due to the higher optimum bitumen content. Looking at the results for cold mixes, the introduction of the artificial aggregates has an effect on the predicted durability of the asphalt layers, which is maximized in the case of coarse artificial aggregates. Consequent environmental benefits regard the global warming potential, fossil resource scarcity and freshwater eutrophication indicators.

Ecotoxicological impacts of landfill sites: Towards risk assessment, mitigation policies and the role of artificial intelligence.

Waste disposal in landfills remains a global concern. Despite technological developments, landfill leachate poses a hazard to ecosystems and human health since it acts as a secondary reservoir for legacy and emerging pollutants. This study provides a systematic and scientometric review of the nature and toxicity of pollutants generated by landfills and means of assessing their potential risks. Regarding human health, unregulated waste disposal and pathogens in leachate are the leading causes of diseases reported in local populations. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches have been employed in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate, with model organisms ranging from bacteria to birds. These studies demonstrate a wide range of toxic effects that reflect the complex composition of leachate and geographical variations in climate, resource availability and management practices. Based on bioassay (and other) evidence, categories of persistent chemicals of most concern include brominated flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated chemicals, pharmaceuticals and alkyl phenol ethoxylates. However, the emerging and more general literature on microplastic toxicity suggests that these particles might also be problematic in leachate. Various mitigation strategies have been identified, with most focussing on improving landfill design or leachate treatment, developing alternative disposal methods and reducing waste volume through recycling or using more sustainable materials. The success of these efforts will rely on policies and practices and their enforcement, which is seen as a particular challenge in developing nations and at the international (and transboundary) level. Artificial intelligence and machine learning afford a wide range of options for evaluating and reducing the risks associated with leachates and gaseous emissions from landfills, and various approaches tested or having potential are discussed. However, addressing the limitations in data collection, model accuracy, real-time monitoring and our understanding of environmental impacts will be critical for realising this potential.

Active Learning-Based Guided Synthesis of Engineered Biochar for CO2 Capture.

Biomass waste-derived engineered biochar for CO2 capture presents a viable route for climate change mitigation and sustainable waste management. However, optimally synthesizing them for enhanced performance is time- and labor-intensive. To address these issues, we devise an active learning strategy to guide and expedite their synthesis with improved CO2 adsorption capacities. Our framework learns from experimental data and recommends optimal synthesis parameters, aiming to maximize the narrow micropore volume of engineered biochar, which exhibits a linear correlation with its CO2 adsorption capacity. We experimentally validate the active learning predictions, and these data are iteratively leveraged for subsequent model training and revalidation, thereby establishing a closed loop. Over three active learning cycles, we synthesized 16 property-specific engineered biochar samples such that the CO2 uptake nearly doubled by the final round. We demonstrate a data-driven workflow to accelerate the development of high-performance engineered biochar with enhanced CO2 uptake and broader applications as a functional material.

Exploring the digital psychology of environmental sustainability: the mediating influence of technological innovation in advanced physical education development in China".

The study aims to investigate the precise processes by which the advancement of physical education and technological progress leads to ecological conservation efforts within China's distinctive socio-cultural and economic framework. Acknowledging the pivotal role that economic advancement plays in a nation's environmental sustainability, this research utilizes cross-sectional quantitative data gathered using a five-point Likert scale survey. The sample size included 503 undergraduate students from Zhengzhou, China, and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. The study investigates how technology progress influences the relationship between compatibility, environmental sustainability, and the relative benefits of physical education. It fills the gap in the literature by illuminating how technical innovation and advanced physical education development contribute to China's pursuit of a sustainable environment. The findings emphasize the critical significance of higher physical education in fostering environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the research indicates that students participating in more rigorous physical education programs tend to possess a more well-rounded and mature mindset. This mindset is essential for healthy and long-lasting mental development, motivating individuals to critically consider environmental sustainability. The study provides valuable theoretical and practical insights that can be applied to enhance environmental sustainability in the country.

Assessing the environmental sustainability gap in G20 economies: The roles of economic growth, energy mix, foreign direct investment, and population.

There is serious debate among researchers regarding the sustainability implications of economic prosperity and energy dependence. Energy consumption has a critical linkage with economic growth, but it also degrades environmental quality. Therefore, it is important to investigate the relationship between economic growth, the energy mix, and environmental sustainability. However, empirical literature utilizes narrow variables to capture environmental sustainability. Because of this, this research introduces a new environmental sustainability variable using entropy weighting and combining deforestation, household carbon emissions, and life expectancy. This study examines the relationship between environmental sustainability, economic growth, and other selected variables using data from 2002 to 2019 for the G20 and its high-, upper-, and low-middle-income member countries. Since shocks in one G20 country can affect another, this study uses the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) technique for empirical analysis. The results of this study indicate that Gross Domestic Product (EG) and its square term did not support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. The energy mix has a positive impact on the environmental sustainability gap across all the samples except for the upper-middle-income group. Foreign direct investment positively affects this gap, while population growth has no significant impact. These findings demonstrate that policymakers should support environmentally friendly and clean energy sources to foster long-term economic growth and sustainability.

A recycling quality improvement project to engage the multidisciplinary team with sustainability efforts.

BACKGROUND: The provision of healthcare itself contributes to the global health crisis of the climate emergency. As critical care is a carbon hotspot within hospital medicine, healthcare professionals must take collaborative action to mitigate the environmental impact of the sector. AIMS: The purpose of the project was to engage the critical care multidisciplinary team with sustainability efforts, through involvement in a recycling Quality Improvement Project (QIP). The central QIP aimed to increase the recycling rates of single-use plastic enteral feed bottles in the intensive care unit (ICU) over a 31-day period. STUDY DESIGN: A recycling 'challenge month' was launched, and staff opinion was surveyed before and after this intervention. RESULTS: The QIP demonstrated an increase in feed bottle recycling by 53.2%, representing a carbon-saving effect of up to 6.02 kg CO2e for the intervention month. Following the central QIP, all survey respondents felt encouraged to consider their ICU's environmental impact. CONCLUSIONS: Simple successful QIPs can act as a springboard to engage the staff body with sustainability initiatives and ignite wider conversation and consideration of the climate emergency in daily practice. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Effective recycling constitutes only one element of responsible environmental stewardship, but authors discuss that it is an effective focus for QIPs. To maximize impact and success within critical care, nursing involvement in leading and participation is essential.

Influence of nitrous oxide added to general anaesthesia on postoperative mortality and morbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a common adjuvant to general anaesthesia. It is also a potent greenhouse gas and causes ozone depletion. We sought to quantify the influence of N2O as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia on postoperative patient outcomes. METHODS: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for works published from inception to July 6, 2023. RCTs comparing general anaesthesia with or without N2O were included. Risk ratios (RRs) and standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random-effects model. Outcomes were derived from the Standardised Endpoints for Perioperative Medicine (StEP) outcome set. Primary outcomes were mortality and organ-related morbidity, and secondary outcomes were anaesthetic and surgical morbidity. RESULTS: Of 3305 records, 179 full-text articles were assessed, and 71 RCTs, totalling 22 147 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Addition of N2O to general anaesthesia did not influence postoperative mortality or most morbidity outcomes. N2O increased the incidence of atelectasis (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.12) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.40), and decreased intraoperative opioid consumption (SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.04) and time to extubation (MD -2.17 min, 95% CI -3.32 to -1.03 min). CONCLUSIONS: N2O did not influence postoperative mortality or most morbidity outcomes. Considering the environmental effects of N2O, these findings confirm that current policy recommendations to limit its use do not affect patient safety. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO CRD42023443287.

Green banking practices and environmental performance: navigating sustainability in banks.

The growing concerns about global climate change have thrust green banking and green finance into the forefront of discussions. The research suggests that green banking plays a pivotal role in advancing environmental sustainability. This study focuses on examining the profound impact of green banking practices on the environmental performance of banks, with a specific focus on both private and public sector banks operating in India through a survey involving 500 bank employees the study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings highlight various aspects of green banking, encompassing employee-related practices, operational procedures, customer engagement, and policy adherence, and significantly contribute to the promotion of green finance, resulting in substantial positive effects. Moreover, the study underscores the substantial and positive influence of banks' green financing on their environmental performance. Interestingly, the operational features of green banking practices emerged as having a notable impact on banks' environmental performance, whereas aspects related to employees, policies, and customers did not directly and significantly influence environmental performance. The results of the study carry significant policy implications, especially for India's banking sector, in the pursuit of environmental sustainability.

Asymmetric role of green energy, innovation, and technology in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from India.

The primary cause of environmental degradation, which poses a danger to the long-term viability of the ecosystem, is the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, the Glasgow Climate Pact (COP26) established a decarbonization goal in response to this ecological concern, for which all economic players have a responsibility. India is among the participants who have a target set for them to decarbonize their economies by the year 2060 via the use of green energy and the advancement of science and innovation. Nevertheless, the asymmetrical effect of green energy, technology, and innovation on India's decarbonization program was not sufficiently explored in the prior study; hence, this research aims to fill this literature vacuum by considering India's GHG emissions from 1990 to 2020 by leveraging the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The findings reveal the asymmetric influences of variables of interest on GHG emissions during the short and long term and under positive and negative shocks. Regarding the positive shock, long-term findings demonstrate that innovation and technical know-how grow GHG emissions and accelerate environmental degradation. However, a negative shock in innovations and technological know-how is opposed to a positive shock and improving environmental conditions. Further, positive shocks in green energy boost environmental effectiveness by reducing GHG secretions in India. In contrast, the negative shock in green energy deteriorates the environment by triggering GHG releases. These factual findings compel the Indian government to prioritize green technologies in addition to green energy generation to decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions and meet rising energy demands.

Cultivating a sustainable future in the artificial intelligence era: A comprehensive assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and removals in agriculture.

Agriculture is a leading sector in international initiatives to mitigate climate change and promote sustainability. This article exhaustively examines the removals and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the agriculture industry. It also investigates an extensive range of GHG sources, including rice cultivation, enteric fermentation in livestock, and synthetic fertilisers and manure management. This research reveals the complex array of obstacles that are faced in the pursuit of reducing emissions and also investigates novel approaches to tackling them. This encompasses the implementation of monitoring systems powered by artificial intelligence, which have the capacity to fundamentally transform initiatives aimed at reducing emissions. Carbon capture technologies, another area investigated in this study, exhibit potential in further reducing GHGs. Sophisticated technologies, such as precision agriculture and the integration of renewable energy sources, can concurrently mitigate emissions and augment agricultural output. Conservation agriculture and agroforestry, among other sustainable agricultural practices, have the potential to facilitate emission reduction and enhance environmental stewardship. The paper emphasises the significance of financial incentives and policy frameworks that are conducive to the adoption of sustainable technologies and practices. This exhaustive evaluation provides a strategic plan for the agriculture industry to become more environmentally conscious and sustainable. Agriculture can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation and the promotion of a sustainable future by adopting a comprehensive approach that incorporates policy changes, technological advancements, and technological innovations.